Prostate cancer is the commonest cancer in men and second leading cause of death among men in North America. Increasing incidence with age, it is primarily a disease of older men with the most cases are diagnosed in men older than 65 years. Every year it is estimated that around 189,000 people will get a positive diagnosis, and 30,000 men will die from its effects. Although it is a major health problem for older men, the death rate from it is decreasing due to advances in diagnosis and treatment.
Prostate cancer is curable if diagnosed early. When cancer is confined to the prostate at diagnosis, five year survival rate was 100%. This percentage drops to 95% if the cancer has spread to the regional level. Over 75% of all cancers are diagnosed when the cancer is in one of these stages. In fact, although they showed no symptoms or complications in their lives, many people are found to have prostate cancer during an autopsy.
prostate consists primarily of glandular epithelial stanica.Točan cause of prostate cancer is not known, but it is believed that androgens play a role in its development. Almost all primary prostate cancers are adenocarcinomas, and develop in the peripheral zones of the prostate. This position increases the risk of local spread to the prostate capsule. Despite the proximity to the rectum, metastases in the gut is unusual, because they maintain leaf tissue, Denonvilliers' band, acts as an effective physical barrier.
As the tumor grows, it can squeeze the urethra and obstructs the flow of time mokraće.Tumor can metastasize and include the seminal vesicles or bladder by direct extension. Metastases to lymph and venous channels is also common.
Men with early stage prostate cancer are often asymptomatic, which means that they have no symptoms. Pain from metastases to bone are often the first symptom noticed. Urinary Symptoms depend on the size and location of tumors and malignosti.Simptomi are often like those associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia: urgency, frequency, hesitancy, dysuria and nocturia. There May also be visible hematuria or blood in the ejaculate.
The death of this type of cancer most commonly occurs due to secondary metastases to the skeletal system, especially the vertebrae. Compression fractures of the spine are common, resulting in the eventual loss of mobility and bowel and bladder function. Tumors in the end may include bone marrow, resulting in severe anemia and impaired immune function.
In addition to age, race is a significant risk factor for developing prostate cancer. African American men have the highest incidence in the United States and worldwide, with rates more than twice that of white males. They are also more likely to be diagnosed later in life and will die from the effects of it, with a mortality rate more than double that of other racial and ethnic groups. Asians and Indians have the lowest incidence of prostate cancer.
Other risk factors include:
• Genetic and hereditary factors, the risk increased in men with a family history of disease.
• After a vasectomy, which is believed to increase levels of circulating free testosterone.
• Dietary factors, including diet high in fat and red meat, a little vitamin A, vitamin D, lycopene, and selenium.
• Low exposure to sunlight.
Men in the middle forties, regardless of their risk, should have regular prostate exams with your doctor. This is the first line of defense in preventing and treating prostate cancer, which is very treatable when caught early.
